Soil Moisture Retrieval from Satellite Images and Its Application to Heavy Rainfall Simulation in Eastern China   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

赵得明  苏炳凯  赵鸣 《大气科学进展》2006,23(2):299-316

The soil water index (SWI) from satellite remote sensing and the observational soil moisture from agricultural meteorological stations in eastern China are used to retrieve soil moisture. The analysis of correlation coefficient (CORR), root-mean-square-error (RMSE) and bias (BIAS) shows that the retrieved soil moisture is convincible and close to the observation. The method can overcome the difficulties in soil moisture observation on a large scale and the retrieved soil moisture may reflect the distribution of the real soil moisture objectively. The retrieved soil moisture is used as an initial scheme to replace initial conditions of soil moisture (NCEP) in the model MM5V3 to simulate the heavy rainfall in 1998. Three heavy rainfall processes during 13–14 June, 18–22 June, and 21–26 July 1998 in the Yangtze River valley are analyzed. The first two processes show that the intensity and location of simulated precipitation from SWI are better than those from NCEP and closer to the observed values. The simulated heavy rainfall for 21–26 July shows that the update of soil moisture initial conditions can improve the model’s performance. The relationship between soil moisture and rainfall may explain that the stronger rainfall intensity for SWI in the Yangtze River valley is the result of the greater simulated soil moisture from SWI prior to the heavy rainfall date than that from NCEP, and leads to the decline of temperature in the corresponding area in the heavy rainfall days. Detailed analysis of the heavy rainfall on 13–14 June shows that both land-atmosphere interactions and atmospheric circulation were responsible for the heavy rainfall, and it shows how the SWI simulation improves the simulation. The development of mesoscale systems plays an important role in the simulation regarding the change of initial soil moisture for SWI.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation trends in the Yangtze River catchment   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

Stefan Becker  Marco Gemmer  Tong Jiang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,20(6):435-444

Precipitation trends in the Yangtze River catchment (PR China) have been analyzed for the past 50 years by applying the Mann-Kendall trend test and geospatial analyses. Monthly precipitation trends of 36 stations have been calculated. Significant positive trends at many stations can be observed for the summer months, which naturally show precipitation maxima. They were preceded and/or followed by negative trends. This observation points towards a concentration of summer precipitation within a shorter period of time. The analysis of a second data set on a gridded basis with 0.5° resolution reveals trends with distinct spatial patterns. The combination of classic trend tests and spatially interpolated precipitation data sets allows the spatiotemporal visualization of detected trends. Months with positive trends emphasize the aggravation of severe situation in a region, which is particularly prone to flood disasters during summer. Reasons for the observed trends were found in variations in the meridional wind pattern at the 850 hPa level, which account for an increased transport of warm moist air to the Yangtze River catchment during the summer months.  相似文献   

近55年中国大陆地区降水突变的区域特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

向辽元  陈星  黎翠红  郑京华 《湖北气象》2007,26(2):149-153

利用中国大陆1951～2003年160站较为完整的降水观测资料,采用Mann-Kendall检验法和小波分析方法,确定了中国大陆不同区域降水突变事件的大致时间,研究揭示了近55年中国大陆降水突变事件变化的区域特征。得出如下结论:(1)近55年来,中国大陆年平均降水量正在逐步减少。华北地区、四川盆地和东北地区年降水量减少明显。年降水量增加的区域位于长江中下游及其以南地区,另外,西北部分地区和青藏高原南部略有增加。(2)中南地区和青藏云地区年降水在20世纪90年代中后期出现突变,华北地区降水突变出现在20世纪70年代中期,东北地区突变出现在20世纪60年代中期,华南地区降水在20世纪70年代初期出现突变。  相似文献   

2007年汛期AREM模式降水预报效果检验分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

公颖 《湖北气象》2007,26(4):372-380

过对2007年6～8月AREM模式降水预报做不同时效、不同区域的TS评分对比,比较AREM与T213、JAPAN三个模式降水预报TS评分,并对AREM模式2007年汛期主要降水过程预报效果进行检验分析,从而获得AREM模式2007年汛期降水预报效果和特点,结果表明:(1)从AREM模式不同时效降水预报TS评分对比可知,对长江中下游区域,AREM模式12～36 h预报效果好于0～24 h预报,24～48 h效果相对较差,对华南、华北、东北、西南东部区域的降水,AREM模式预报效果均随时效延长而减弱。(2)由AREM模式对不同区域降水预报TS评分的对比可知,AREM模式(各预报时效)对长江中下游地区各量级降水预报的TS评分均高于全国范围的TS评分,西南东部(各预报时效)小雨(以上)量级TS评分均为各区域最高,但中雨以上各量级TS评分均低于全国范围,其他区域无稳定的预报特性。(3)从AREM、T213、JAPAN对长江中下游地区12～36 h降水预报TS评分对比可知,三个模式小雨(以上)量级降水的TS评分基本相当,对该区域暴雨、大暴雨强降水中心的预报,AREM好于T213,JAPAN相对较差,随量级增加AREM预报优势表现更为明显。(4)对2007年汛期6次个例分析可知,AREM模式对长江中下游尤其是江淮流域的大范围强降水过程预报效果较好,对暴雨、大暴雨中心的预报较T213和JAPAN有明显的优势,但对小范围、局地强降水过程的预报效果不够理想。  相似文献   

中国夏季降水异常分布的非线性特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

居丽丽  郭品文  徐同 《气象与减灾研究》2007,30(2):13-17

运用基于前馈型人工神经网络的非线性主成分分析方法(NLPCA),对中国近50 a夏季降水异常分布的非线性特征进行了分析。结果表明,中国夏季降水的异常分布具有一定的非线性特征,当夏季降水距平的一维NLPCA近似在非线性主成分取极端相反位相时,对应的空间分布型表现出明显的不对称性;一维NLPCA对夏季原始降水距平场的近似,比传统一维PCA的近似更为逼真。  相似文献   

A radar-based verification of precipitation forecast for local convective storms     

Daniela Rezacova  Zbynek Sokol  Petr Pesice 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):211-224

Local flash flood storms with a rapid hydrological response are a real challenge for quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF). It is relevant to assess space domains, to which the QPF approaches are applicable. In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the forecasting capability of a high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) model by means of area-related QPF verification. The results presented concern two local convective events, which occurred in the Czech Republic (CR) on 13 and 15 July 2002 and caused local flash floods. We used the LM COSMO model (Lokall Model of the COSMO consortium) adapted to the horizontal resolution of 2.8 km over a model domain covering the CR. The 18 h forecast of convective precipitation was verified by using radar rainfall totals adjusted to the measured rain gauge data. The grid point-related root mean square error (RMSE) value was calculated over a square around the grid point under the assumption that rainfall values were randomly distributed within the square. The forecast accuracy was characterized by the mean RMSE over the whole verification domain. We attempt to show a dependence of both the RMSE field and the mean RMSE on the square size. The importance of a suitable merger between the radar and rain gauge datasets is demonstrated by a comparison between the verification results obtained with and without the gauge adjustment. The application of verification procedure demonstrates uncertainties in the precipitation forecasts. The model was integrated with initial conditions shifted by 0.5° distances. The four verifications, corresponding to the shifts in the four directions, show differences in the resulting QPF, which depend on the size of verification area and on the direction of the shift.  相似文献   

Excess in precipitation as a cause for settlement decline along the Israeli coastal plain during the third millennium BC     

Avraham Faust  Yosef Ashkenazy 《Quaternary Research》2007,68(1):37-44

Although the relations between climate and settlement are not straightforward, there is a general agreement that arid conditions are less favorable for human settlement in the semiarid Near East than humid conditions. Here we show that humid conditions resulted in the abandonment of settlements along the Israeli coastal plain. We first present archaeological evidence for a drastic decline in settlement along the Israeli coast during most of the third millennium BC (Early Bronze Age II-III). Then, based on archaeological and climatic evidence, we link this decline to an environmental change occurring at that time. We propose that increased precipitation intensified the already existing drainage problems and resulted in flooding, which led to the transformation of arable land into marshes and to the spread of diseases, gradually causing settlement decline and abandonment.  相似文献   

21世纪初极端天气气候事件研究进展   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

胡宜昌  董文杰  何勇 《地球科学进展》2007,22(10):1066-1075

由于极端天气气候事件的严重影响，越来越多的研究开始关注其变化情况。从观测分析到模拟研究，几乎都发现极端气温、降水事件发生了显著变化，而且在全球变暖的大背景下，未来有些极端事件可能会发生频数更高或强度更强。当然，研究结论也存在一定程度的不确定性，从模式模拟来看，目前模拟结果仍存在不确定性，不同模式的结果间常常存在较大的差异；而从观测分析来看，研究主要局限于20世纪后半叶，如果对更长时间作分析，结论或许会有所不同。文章从最基本的极端天气气候事件的定义出发，结合观测事实和模拟研究两个主要方面来介绍近几年来极端事件研究取得的主要进展，最后简单地总结了这些进展，并提出了进一步研究的思路。   相似文献   

基于NLCCA的中国夏季降水与东亚夏季风关系的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

居丽丽  郭品文 《湖北气象》2007,26(3):205-210

运用一种基于人工神经网络的非线性典型相关分析方法(NLCCA),对中国夏季降水与东亚夏季风之间的非线性关系进行了分析。结果表明,夏季降水对东亚夏季风的响应具有一定的非线性,当夏季风较强与较弱时,对应的中国夏季降水异常分布呈现明显的不对称性。夏季降水与夏季风之间的关系可分离为线性响应和非线性响应,其中非线性响应部分占总方差贡献的52.1%,说明我国夏季降水异常分布与东亚夏季风相互之间的关系既有线性特征也有非线性特征,非线性响应略显重要。  相似文献   

一次江淮暴雨的数值模拟及暴雨落区的诊断分析   总被引：4，自引：11，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

史小康  李耀东  高守亭  付容 《气象科学》2007,27(1):26-34

利用MM5模式对2003年7月一次江淮暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明：MM5对本次暴雨落区的模拟较为成功。应用模拟结果对假相当位温、水汽通量散度、z-螺旋度及湿位涡等几个综合性物理量进行了诊断,得出的主要结论为：本次暴雨发生在高能舌的前部、能量锋区南缘和低空急流左前方三者叠加的区域;水汽通量散度比较好地反映本次暴雨的强度和落区;z-螺旋度不仅能反映降水系统,对降水系统的移动也有预报指示意义;本次暴雨过程中湿斜压性和涡度垂直分量与热力不稳定对湿位涡有同等大小的贡献。  相似文献